أبرز التغییرات النحویة بین القرنین التاسع عشر والعشرین المتمثلة في روایة " جین ایر " من القرن التاسع عشر للروائیة تشارلوت برونتي وروایة "جیم المحظوظ" من القرن العشرین للروائي كنكسلي امیس Major Syntactic Changes between the Nineteenth & the Twentieth Centuries as Exemplified in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre & Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim

Al-Ani, Yamamah Nazar Talib (2017) أبرز التغییرات النحویة بین القرنین التاسع عشر والعشرین المتمثلة في روایة " جین ایر " من القرن التاسع عشر للروائیة تشارلوت برونتي وروایة "جیم المحظوظ" من القرن العشرین للروائي كنكسلي امیس Major Syntactic Changes between the Nineteenth & the Twentieth Centuries as Exemplified in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre & Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim. Masters thesis, جامعة الشرق الاوسط.

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Abstract

This study focuses on one of the most important aspects of language change which is syntactic change . This has been done by examining two literary works belonging to two different centuries . The first one is a nineteenth century novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontȅ , and the second is a twentieth century novel Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis. The study adopted a descriptive and analytical methodology , i.e, content analysis , of two texts to identify diachronic change in syntax between these two novels . The researcher used selected dialogues by characters in the two novels as data (by randomization process ) to achieve the objectives of the study . The findings obtained show that there are changes in some grammatical structures and word orders use . Most of these changes are innovative , i.e, coming into use like for example , the expression has got which is used as semi modal , idioms and phrasal verbs , and the structure of the present perfect progressive . All these changes as well as other ones occurred in Lucky Jim , but not in Jane Eyre . Another kind of change resulted in some structures getting out of use which are used in Jane Eyre , but not or are reduced in Lucky Jim . For example the use of the auxiliary verb is instead of have with an intransitive verb to express present perfect , and some constructions are used mostly in the sample of Jane Eyre , but are reduced so much in the sample of Lucky Jim like ( must +be+ v. infinitive) Key words : Syntactic change , sentence structure , novels ,19th &20th centuries

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